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Google’s neural network takes a step closer to predicting disease using DNA

A protein folding prediction generated by Google DeepMind's AlphaFold AI. | Credit: DeepMind Technologies Limited

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If humans had the ability to predict protein structure solely from DNA information, it would be a medical superpower against disease, and artificial intelligence is our best hope thus far to obtain it. Such a feat is now one step closer with the creation of “AlphaFold”, a neural network designed by Google’s AI company DeepMind, to do that very thing. After entering a biannual protein folding prediction contest called the Critical Assessment of Structure Prediction (CASP), AlphaFold was declared winner out of 98 AI competitors, specifically by most accurately predicting 25 of 43 protein shapes given using genetic sequences alone. The second place winner predicted only three.

In a nutshell (or smaller, really), proteins are key factors in every living thing’s physiological processes. Their structures are encoded in DNA, and they are responsible for contracting muscles, metabolizing food into energy, fighting disease, and transmitting signals, among a great many other things. The function of proteins depends on their unique 3D structure. The way they are shaped is directly related to what they do in the body. For example, antibodies have “hooks” that attach and tag viruses and bacteria, and ligament proteins are cord-shaped, enabling them to transmit tension.

The being said, the ability to predict protein shapes can enable scientists to learn more about how defects specifically affect the body, repair damaged ones with targeted therapies, and design new ones. Their specific structure is key – the 3D shape determines a protein’s function. To further illustrate this importance, misfolding proteins are linked to many health issues such as type 2 diabetes and Parkinson’s disease.

AlphaFold’s predicted folding vs. actual folding. | Credit: DeepMind Technologies Limited

Some medical progress has been made to address protein folding issues such as drug therapies that bind to proteins and alter their function; however, the human body is able to generate around 2 million different types of proteins, and so far we can only identify about 100,000 of them. Out of those proteins, the variety of folded 3D structures possible is calculated to be a googol cubed – 10 to the power of 300. Clearly, this is not really a job for a human. As further described on DeepMind’s website, “[According to] Levinthal’s paradox, it would take longer than the age of the universe to enumerate all the possible configurations of a typical protein before reaching the right 3D structure.”

DeepMind is no stranger to achieving incredible things with its AI software. A program built by the company called “agent” learned to play 49 different retro computer games in 2015, making it the first computer program capable of independently learning a large variety of tasks. Two other programs named “AlphaZero” and “AlphaGo” were able to beat the world’s best human and computer players at chess and the ancient Chinese game “Go”, respectively. AlphaGo was later revised as “AlphaGo Zero” to play the same Go game without any prior human knowledge, i.e., it taught itself to play and subsequently win.

AlphaFold was trained with thousands of known proteins until it could accurately predict those proteins’ 3D shape. This was a significant improvement over other existing technology, not only in levels of accuracy, but in cost-effectiveness. Other protein identification techniques such as cryo-electron microscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance depend on a lot of trial and error, which involves years of work and several thousands of dollars per protein structure to achieve. Considering the complexity involved in this field, the AlphaFold’s achievement in the CASP contest is, to say the least, representative of the expanding possibilities for scientific research and discovery using artificial intelligence.

Accidental computer geek, fascinated by most history and the multiplanetary future on its way. Quite keen on the democratization of space. | It's pronounced day-sha, but I answer to almost any variation thereof.

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Tesla Semi factory is getting a celebration nobody expected

Tesla will inaugurate its Nevada Semi factory September 24, five months after production quietly began ramping.

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Tesla says it will officially inaugurate its new Semi factory in Nevada next month. The Tesla Semi account posted the announcement on X, sharing a graphic titled “Semi Rollout” with a date of September 24. No further details were given about the format of the event or who would attend.

While Tesla’s dedicated Semi plant in Sparks, adjacent to Gigafactory Nevada, opened back in April, with the first trucks rolling off the high volume line on April 29, the timing for the factory inauguration comes at a surprise. The ribbon cutting event five months into production is a break from how Tesla has usually handled its other factories, where the first truck or car off the line typically served as the milestone moment.

The 1.7 million square foot factory was built as part of a $3.6 billion expansion Tesla announced in early 2023, and it shares a site with the battery cell lines that feed the Semi’s structural pack, a decision meant to remove the supply bottleneck that delayed the truck for years. The plant is designed for 50,000 trucks a year at full ramp. Semi program director Dan Priestley has said production “is now ramping” rather than claiming it has reached scale.

Nine years passed between the Semi’s 2017 unveiling and this stage of production, with the truck slipping from an original 2019 target through hand built pilot units for PepsiCo and a slow build out of the Nevada plant. An inauguration event now gives Tesla a stage to talk up that ramp and reset expectations for how many trucks it can begin delivering at scale.

The September date also lines up with the Semi’s next milestone. Tesla confirmed the truck is heading to Europe with a full unveiling at the IAA Transportation trade show in Hannover, Germany, running September 15 through 20. Between the Nevada event and the Hannover reveal, Tesla has roughly a week and a half in September to make the case that the Semi is now a truck being built and sold on two continents rather than tested in a handful of fleets.

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Energy

Tesla launches Powerwall Lease for affordable home backup

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Credit: Tesla

Tesla Energy has introduced the Powerwall Lease in conjunction with Tesla Electric, making the service available in Texas. This new option delivers whole-home backup power using two Powerwall units for a net monthly cost of $35 after credits, accompanied by a low fixed electricity rate.

Under the lease terms, customers pay a one-time order fee of $100. The base lease payment for the two Powerwalls is approximately $122 per month during the first year, subject to a 3 percent annual escalator thereafter. Enrollment in a qualifying Tesla Electric Backup plan or Virtual Power Plant plan provides an $87 monthly credit.

This credit lowers the effective cost to roughly $35 per month plus applicable tax.

Installation of the standard system carries no additional charge. The package features Storm Watch for outage protection and allows complete management through a single Tesla application. The system supplies continuous whole-home backup capability.

The Powerwall system enables households to maintain electricity during severe storms that disrupt the utility grid. When outages occur, the batteries automatically provide seamless backup power to the home.

Tesla announces 100k Powerwalls are participating in Virtual Power Plants

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Tesla Storm Watch monitors weather forecasts and ensures the units are fully charged ahead of anticipated severe weather events so that power remains available throughout the disruption, keeping lights, refrigeration, and other essential systems operating without interruption.

Availability is restricted to select Texas locations where retail electric choice exists. Participants must lease exactly two Powerwall units and maintain continuous enrollment with Tesla Electric. Solar panels cannot be included under this particular lease arrangement.

The monthly credit activates automatically once the system is installed, receives permission to operate, and enrollment is confirmed. To retain the credit, customers are required to stay enrolled in Tesla Electric and fulfill all program conditions.

Nonstandard installations that involve electrical upgrades or special permitting may lead to extra expenses and might impact eligibility for the credit, so be sure to check with either your installer or Tesla to ensure you will still qualify.

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Inside Tesla’s secretive $10 Billion “Project Crystal Sun” filing

Tesla filed for a $10.1 billion Fort Bend solar factory, but the site isn’t confirmed.

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Tesla has filed paperwork in Texas for a second massive manufacturing project in the same week it locked down its chip fabrication site, this time for a $10.1 billion solar cell plant in Fort Bend County. The filing, submitted July 22 under the state’s Jobs, Energy, Technology and Innovation Act and first surfaced by Sawyer Merritt on X, lists an internal project name of “Project Crystal Sun” and targets a site off FM 762 and FM 1994 near Richmond, about 40 minutes outside Houston.

The application, prepared by Kroll Tax Services on Tesla’s behalf, spans five parcels totaling roughly 3,000 acres within the Lamar Consolidated Independent School District. Tesla wants a 10 year property tax limitation in exchange for the investment, split as $1.5 billion in real property and $8.6 billion in equipment and personal property. The company projects 9,712 permanent jobs once the plant reaches full operation, with 1,147 peak construction jobs during a build window running from this year through 2028 and commercial operations targeted for the first quarter of 2029.

Tesla is not fully committed to Fort Bend County yet. The filing states the company is weighing the site against an unnamed out of state alternative, and frames the tax abatement as what would make Texas competitive against that option. If the district and county decline the incentive, Tesla says it may build elsewhere.

Tesla Megapack Megafactory in Texas advances with major property sale

The plant would handle the full solar cell production chain in one facility, according to the filing, covering wafer and ingot manufacturing, coating, metallization and printing lines, cell testing, automated material handling and cleanroom infrastructure. That scope points to Tesla vertically integrating a part of its supply chain it currently sources largely from overseas partners, mirroring the approach behind its expanding Megapack production in Brookshire, Texas, where Tesla has already built out two buildings for its grid battery business.

The timing lines up closely with Tesla and SpaceX’s other big Texas commitment this month. SpaceX confirmed its Terafab chip factory would land in Grimes County days before this filing surfaced, with construction on that $16.8 billion project starting almost immediately after local officials met with residents. Terafab is meant to produce the AI chips running Tesla’s Optimus robots and Full Self-Driving software, while a solar cell plant would feed a different part of the business, the panels and storage systems Tesla sells to homeowners, businesses and utilities, and increasingly needs to power its own data centers.

Musk has talked about building domestic solar manufacturing capacity before, tying it to the amount of power Tesla’s AI ambitions will require.

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