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Google’s neural network takes a step closer to predicting disease using DNA

A protein folding prediction generated by Google DeepMind's AlphaFold AI. | Credit: DeepMind Technologies Limited

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If humans had the ability to predict protein structure solely from DNA information, it would be a medical superpower against disease, and artificial intelligence is our best hope thus far to obtain it. Such a feat is now one step closer with the creation of “AlphaFold”, a neural network designed by Google’s AI company DeepMind, to do that very thing. After entering a biannual protein folding prediction contest called the Critical Assessment of Structure Prediction (CASP), AlphaFold was declared winner out of 98 AI competitors, specifically by most accurately predicting 25 of 43 protein shapes given using genetic sequences alone. The second place winner predicted only three.

In a nutshell (or smaller, really), proteins are key factors in every living thing’s physiological processes. Their structures are encoded in DNA, and they are responsible for contracting muscles, metabolizing food into energy, fighting disease, and transmitting signals, among a great many other things. The function of proteins depends on their unique 3D structure. The way they are shaped is directly related to what they do in the body. For example, antibodies have “hooks” that attach and tag viruses and bacteria, and ligament proteins are cord-shaped, enabling them to transmit tension.

The being said, the ability to predict protein shapes can enable scientists to learn more about how defects specifically affect the body, repair damaged ones with targeted therapies, and design new ones. Their specific structure is key – the 3D shape determines a protein’s function. To further illustrate this importance, misfolding proteins are linked to many health issues such as type 2 diabetes and Parkinson’s disease.

AlphaFold’s predicted folding vs. actual folding. | Credit: DeepMind Technologies Limited

Some medical progress has been made to address protein folding issues such as drug therapies that bind to proteins and alter their function; however, the human body is able to generate around 2 million different types of proteins, and so far we can only identify about 100,000 of them. Out of those proteins, the variety of folded 3D structures possible is calculated to be a googol cubed – 10 to the power of 300. Clearly, this is not really a job for a human. As further described on DeepMind’s website, “[According to] Levinthal’s paradox, it would take longer than the age of the universe to enumerate all the possible configurations of a typical protein before reaching the right 3D structure.”

DeepMind is no stranger to achieving incredible things with its AI software. A program built by the company called “agent” learned to play 49 different retro computer games in 2015, making it the first computer program capable of independently learning a large variety of tasks. Two other programs named “AlphaZero” and “AlphaGo” were able to beat the world’s best human and computer players at chess and the ancient Chinese game “Go”, respectively. AlphaGo was later revised as “AlphaGo Zero” to play the same Go game without any prior human knowledge, i.e., it taught itself to play and subsequently win.

AlphaFold was trained with thousands of known proteins until it could accurately predict those proteins’ 3D shape. This was a significant improvement over other existing technology, not only in levels of accuracy, but in cost-effectiveness. Other protein identification techniques such as cryo-electron microscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance depend on a lot of trial and error, which involves years of work and several thousands of dollars per protein structure to achieve. Considering the complexity involved in this field, the AlphaFold’s achievement in the CASP contest is, to say the least, representative of the expanding possibilities for scientific research and discovery using artificial intelligence.

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Accidental computer geek, fascinated by most history and the multiplanetary future on its way. Quite keen on the democratization of space. | It's pronounced day-sha, but I answer to almost any variation thereof.

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Google just picked SpaceX for its first step into orbital AI

Google will launch its first Project Suncatcher AI satellite on SpaceX’s Transporter-18 rideshare next week.

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Google is about to put its own AI chips into orbit for the first time, and it is paying SpaceX to get them there.

The company said Thursday that the first in-orbit test of Project Suncatcher, its research effort to find out whether space can host large-scale AI computing, will fly next week on SpaceX’s Transporter-18 rideshare mission.

The satellite, called MVP, is about the size of a refrigerator and carries four of Google’s Tensor Processing Units, the same chips Google runs in its ground data centers. Google originally planned to launch two custom satellites in 2027, but chose to move faster by integrating its chips into a satellite.

MVP’s solar panels supply about one kilowatt of power, and Google will run Gemini models on the TPUs only in bursts of roughly 15 minutes before the chips shut down so the radiators can shed heat. In a blog post, Google said its Trillium TPUs survived vibration testing that mimicked sustained launch loads of up to 10g, with individual components seeing 50 to 100g, and handled a radiation dose greater than a five year mission would deliver.

SpaceX and Google mull massive partnership on Musk’s orbital data dream: report

Next week’s flight, slated for October 1, follows a relationship that became public in May, when Teslarati reported that Google was in talks with SpaceX for a launch deal tied to orbital data centers. Google also holds a stake of roughly 6% in SpaceX.

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The two companies are chasing the same idea from very different starting points. SpaceX’s own orbital compute program is built around the AI1 satellite, a roughly 70 meter structure derived from Starlink V3 hardware that is designed for 150 kW of peak compute, about 150 times the power MVP will draw. Elon Musk has brushed off concerns about crowding orbit with those satellites, and SpaceX is building its Gigasat factory in Bastrop, Texas, to produce them, targeting an annualized rate of about 1 GW of space compute by the end of 2027.

Musk also posted on X on Thursday that “the amount of compute in space will obviously round up to 100% of all compute.”

Google has been more cautious in public. Its research estimates that launch prices need to fall below about $200 per kilogram before an orbital data center can compete with a ground facility on energy cost, a threshold the company believes could be reached around the mid 2030s. The Suncatcher team has said it expects the effort to remain a project rather than a product for years, which leaves the first real test of its hardware riding on a rocket from the company with the most aggressive timeline in the field.

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Tesla Semi factory is getting a celebration nobody expected

Tesla will inaugurate its Nevada Semi factory September 24, five months after production quietly began ramping.

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Tesla says it will officially inaugurate its new Semi factory in Nevada next month. The Tesla Semi account posted the announcement on X, sharing a graphic titled “Semi Rollout” with a date of September 24. No further details were given about the format of the event or who would attend.

While Tesla’s dedicated Semi plant in Sparks, adjacent to Gigafactory Nevada, opened back in April, with the first trucks rolling off the high volume line on April 29, the timing for the factory inauguration comes at a surprise. The ribbon cutting event five months into production is a break from how Tesla has usually handled its other factories, where the first truck or car off the line typically served as the milestone moment.

The 1.7 million square foot factory was built as part of a $3.6 billion expansion Tesla announced in early 2023, and it shares a site with the battery cell lines that feed the Semi’s structural pack, a decision meant to remove the supply bottleneck that delayed the truck for years. The plant is designed for 50,000 trucks a year at full ramp. Semi program director Dan Priestley has said production “is now ramping” rather than claiming it has reached scale.

Nine years passed between the Semi’s 2017 unveiling and this stage of production, with the truck slipping from an original 2019 target through hand built pilot units for PepsiCo and a slow build out of the Nevada plant. An inauguration event now gives Tesla a stage to talk up that ramp and reset expectations for how many trucks it can begin delivering at scale.

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The September date also lines up with the Semi’s next milestone. Tesla confirmed the truck is heading to Europe with a full unveiling at the IAA Transportation trade show in Hannover, Germany, running September 15 through 20. Between the Nevada event and the Hannover reveal, Tesla has roughly a week and a half in September to make the case that the Semi is now a truck being built and sold on two continents rather than tested in a handful of fleets.

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Tesla launches Powerwall Lease for affordable home backup

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Credit: Tesla

Tesla Energy has introduced the Powerwall Lease in conjunction with Tesla Electric, making the service available in Texas. This new option delivers whole-home backup power using two Powerwall units for a net monthly cost of $35 after credits, accompanied by a low fixed electricity rate.

Under the lease terms, customers pay a one-time order fee of $100. The base lease payment for the two Powerwalls is approximately $122 per month during the first year, subject to a 3 percent annual escalator thereafter. Enrollment in a qualifying Tesla Electric Backup plan or Virtual Power Plant plan provides an $87 monthly credit.

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This credit lowers the effective cost to roughly $35 per month plus applicable tax.

Installation of the standard system carries no additional charge. The package features Storm Watch for outage protection and allows complete management through a single Tesla application. The system supplies continuous whole-home backup capability.

The Powerwall system enables households to maintain electricity during severe storms that disrupt the utility grid. When outages occur, the batteries automatically provide seamless backup power to the home.

Tesla announces 100k Powerwalls are participating in Virtual Power Plants

Tesla Storm Watch monitors weather forecasts and ensures the units are fully charged ahead of anticipated severe weather events so that power remains available throughout the disruption, keeping lights, refrigeration, and other essential systems operating without interruption.

Availability is restricted to select Texas locations where retail electric choice exists. Participants must lease exactly two Powerwall units and maintain continuous enrollment with Tesla Electric. Solar panels cannot be included under this particular lease arrangement.

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The monthly credit activates automatically once the system is installed, receives permission to operate, and enrollment is confirmed. To retain the credit, customers are required to stay enrolled in Tesla Electric and fulfill all program conditions.

Nonstandard installations that involve electrical upgrades or special permitting may lead to extra expenses and might impact eligibility for the credit, so be sure to check with either your installer or Tesla to ensure you will still qualify.

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