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Tesla Model 3 ‘refresh’ EPA ratings reveal efficiency improvements over 2019, 2020 variants
The official EPA range and efficiency ratings for Tesla’s Model 3 “refresh” have been posted, and they are quite impressive. Apart from the expected range upgrades listed by Tesla in the vehicle’s online configurator, it appears that the Model 3’s efficiency has also seen some improvements.
As per data from FuelEconomy.gov, The Model 3 Long Range AWD variant really does have a range of 353 miles per charge, a significant boost from its previous 322 miles. The Model 3 Performance received a slight boost, too, from 299 miles to 315 miles of range in a single charge.
InsideEVs broke down the efficiency numbers for the “refreshed” Model 3, which was labeled in FuelEconomy.gov as the 2021 Tesla Model 3. According to the site, the Tesla Model 3 Long Range AWD’s range went up by 9.6% to 353 miles while its energy consumption decreased by about 11%, from 121 MPGe in the 2020 variant to 134 MPGe after the refresh. For additional perspective, the 2021 Model 3 LR AWD’s energy consumption is equivalent to 251 Wh/mi (156 Wh/km).

Tesla improved the range of its 2021 Model 3 Performance by 5.4% to 315 miles when compared to its 2020 counterpart fitted with 20″ Sport wheels. Unlike the Long Range AWD, the Model 3 Performance’s efficiency remained the same after the refresh at 113 MPGe or 298 Wh/mi (185 Wh/km).
The improved range of Tesla’s Model 3 refresh caught the interest of the EV community when news about its release first came out. Many people in the Tesla community wondered and speculated on the changes the company implemented to improve the Model 3’s efficiency. Among them was the addition of a heat pump to the all-electric sedan, which is used in the Model Y to optimize the vehicle’s range and efficiency in cold weather.

Tesla VP of Powertrain and Energy Engineering Drew Baglino confirmed the addition of a heat pump system in the Model 3 refresh during the recent Q3 earnings call.
“I was just going to say, I mean, I think one of the things we focused on with the Model Y and now Model 3 heat pump system was learning how to build a tightly integrated system capable of moving heat to and from anywhere really, powertrain, battery, cabin, the environment, outside ambient temperatures, all the way down to like negative 20 C, so 30 C,” Baglino said, answering a question about Tesla’s HVAC tech applied to home systems.
“I think like the heat — for heat pump in the car, being able to use the batteries both as a thermal and an electric energy reservoir is very significant,” Elon Musk elaborated.
Sandy Munro explained the significance of Tesla’s heat pump during his Model Y teardown. He noted that the heat pump system simplified the car’s climate control structure and provided Tesla a way to maximize the all-electric crossover’s efficiency. This bodes well for the vehicle’s performance in cold weather, possibly allowing the Model Y to maintain more of its estimated range even when operating in frigid temperatures.
Elon Musk
xAI’s Grok approved for Pentagon classified systems: report
Under the agreement, Grok can be deployed in systems handling classified intelligence analysis, weapons development, and battlefield operations.
Elon Musk’s xAI has signed an agreement with the United States Department of Defense (DoD) to allow Grok to be used in classified military systems.
Previously, Anthropic’s Claude had been the only AI system approved for the most sensitive military work, but a dispute over usage safeguards has reportedly prompted the Pentagon to broaden its options, as noted in a report from Axios.
Under the agreement, Grok can be deployed in systems handling classified intelligence analysis, weapons development, and battlefield operations.
The publication reported that xAI agreed to the Pentagon’s requirement that its technology be usable for “all lawful purposes,” a standard Anthropic has reportedly resisted due to alleged ethical restrictions tied to mass surveillance and autonomous weapons use.
Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth is scheduled to meet with Anthropic CEO Dario Amodei in what sources expect to be a tense meeting, with the publication hinting that the Pentagon could designate Anthropic a “supply chain risk” if the company does not lift its safeguards.
Axios stated that replacing Claude fully might be technically challenging even if xAI or other alternative AI systems take its place. That being said, other AI systems are already in use by the DoD.
Grok already operates in the Pentagon’s unclassified systems alongside Google’s Gemini and OpenAI’s ChatGPT. Google is reportedly close to an agreement that will result in Gemini being used for classified use, while OpenAI’s progress toward classified deployment is described as slower but still feasible.
The publication noted that the Pentagon continues talks with several AI companies as it prepares for potential changes in classified AI sourcing.
Elon Musk
Elon Musk denies Starlink’s price cuts are due to Amazon Kuiper
“This has nothing to do with Kuiper, we’re just trying to make Starlink more affordable to a broader audience,” Musk wrote in a post on X.
Elon Musk has pushed back on claims that Starlink’s recent price reductions are tied to Amazon’s Kuiper project.
In a post on X, Musk responded directly to a report suggesting that Starlink was cutting prices and offering free hardware to partners ahead of a planned IPO and increased competition from Kuiper.
“This has nothing to do with Kuiper, we’re just trying to make Starlink more affordable to a broader audience,” Musk wrote in a post on X. “The lower the cost, the more Starlink can be used by people who don’t have much money, especially in the developing world.”
The speculation originated from a post summarizing a report from The Information, which ran with the headline “SpaceX’s Starlink Makes Land Grab as Amazon Threat Looms.” The report stated that SpaceX is aggressively cutting prices and giving free hardware to distribution partners, which was interpreted as a reaction to Amazon’s Kuiper’s upcoming rollout and possible IPO.
In a way, Musk’s comments could be quite accurate considering Starlink’s current scale. The constellation currently has more than 9,700 satellites in operation today, making it by far the largest satellite broadband network in operation. It has also managed to grow its user base to 10 million active customers across more than 150 countries worldwide.
Amazon’s Kuiper, by comparison, has launched approximately 211 satellites to date, as per data from SatelliteMap.Space, some of which were launched by SpaceX’s Falcon 9 rocket. Starlink surpassed that number in early January 2020, during the early buildout of its first-generation network.
Lower pricing also aligns with Starlink’s broader expansion strategy. SpaceX continues to deploy satellites at a rapid pace using Falcon 9, and future launches aboard Starship are expected to significantly accelerate the constellation’s growth. A larger network improves capacity and global coverage, which can support a broader customer base.
In that context, price reductions can be viewed as a way to match expanding supply with growing demand. Musk’s companies have historically used aggressive pricing strategies to drive adoption at scale, particularly when vertical integration allows costs to decline over time.
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Tesla Giga Berlin makes a statement of solidarity amid IG Metall conflict
The display comes as tensions between Tesla and IG Metall continue to escalate.
Tesla Giga Berlin is sending a strong message of solidarity amid its ongoing legal dispute with German union IG Metall.
In a post on social media platform X, Giga Berlin plant manager André Thierig shared an image of the facility’s lobby covered with a large banner that reads: “Progress. Innovation. Success.” He added that the slogan reflects what the facility has stood for since Day One.
“Our lobby at Giga Berlin covered in a huge banner these days. Progress. Innovation. Success – this is what we stand for since we started production in 2022 and how we will go into our future!” Thierig wrote in his post on X.
The display comes as tensions between Tesla and IG Metall continue to escalate.
The dispute began after Tesla accused a union representative of secretly recording a works council meeting at Giga Berlin. Tesla stated that it filed a criminal complaint after the alleged incident. Police later confirmed they had seized a computer belonging to an IG Metall member as part of their investigation.
“What has happened today at Giga Berlin is truly beyond words! An external union representative from IG Metall attended a works council meeting. For unknown reasons he recorded the internal meeting and was caught in action! We obviously called police and filed a criminal complaint!” Thierig wrote on X at the time.
IG Metall denied the accusation and characterized Tesla’s move as an election tactic ahead of upcoming works council elections. The union subsequently filed a defamation complaint against Thierig. Authorities later confirmed that an investigation had been opened in connection with the matter.
Giga Berlin began production in 2022 and has since become one of Tesla’s key European manufacturing hubs, producing the Model Y, the company’s best-selling vehicle. The facility has expanded capacity over the past years despite environmental protests, labor disputes, and regulatory scrutiny.