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Tesla has filed a petition with Wisconsin to allow direct car sales

Credit: Tesla Europe & Middle East/X

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Tesla has filed an official petition with the state of Wisconsin to let the company sell cars directly to consumers, coming as the latest in the company’s attempts to overturn direct sales bans across several U.S. states.

After Tesla officially filed the petition with the Outagamie County Circuit Court last month, the court has received responses from multiple parties in filings earlier this month. Such parties include the Wisconsin Department of Transportation and the Wisconsin Automobile and Truck Dealers Association, and the court has officially set a hearing date on the petition.

Currently, Wisconsin is just one of many states in which Tesla buyers must drive out of state to purchase and pick up one of the company’s vehicles, due to laws requiring automakers to sell vehicles through a dealership. While Tesla, Rivian and other direct sales companies have gained some ground in overturning these laws, many states including Wisconsin still prohibit the model.

The Circuit Court has set a motion hearing for the case for March 24. The case number for for Tesla, Inc. vs. Wisconsin Department of Transportation et al is 2025CV000075, and you can see the case filing here on the Wisconsin courts website.

READ MORE ON DIRECT SALES LAWS: Tesla granted license for direct vehicle sales in Kentucky

Across the U.S., there are 22 different states that either have active bans on direct vehicle sales or limitations on how many stores direct sales automakers like Tesla can open. The efforts to overturn such bans last year gained some ground in Kentucky, where Tesla was granted a license for direct sales in August, as well as in Louisiana, where an appeals court backed the company in its right to sue the state over dealership laws.

Other automakers such as Lucid Motors, Rivian and, more recently, Volkswagen’s new venture Scout Motors have faced opposition from dealers and dealership lobbying groups such as the aforementioned Wisconsin Automobile and Truck Dealers Association, ultimately upholding the bans in several states.

Some other states that don’t have bans on direct vehicle sales, such as Florida, have also introduced new legislation in the past few years attempting to ban direct sales.

Below you can see which U.S. states still have direct vehicle sales bans in place, and which either limit stores or allow Tesla to sell direct-to-consumer through loopholes.

Which U.S. states still have bans on direct vehicle sales?

  • Alabama (including service centers)
  • Arkansas
  • Connecticut (only leasing is allowed, and the company also uses a tribal land loophole)
  • Iowa
  • Kansas (including storefronts)
  • Louisiana (Tesla uses special license with “service center” model as loophole)
  • Nebraska
  • New Mexico (including service centers, and the company also uses a tribal land loophole)
  • Oklahoma
  • South Carolina (includes service centers)
  • Texas (Tesla gets online loophole with “service center” model)
  • West Virginia (including storefronts)
  • Wisconsin

U.S. states that limit the number of direct sales-eligible stores

  • Illinois (limited to 13)
  • Maryland (limited to 4)
  • Mississippi (limited to 1)
  • New Jersey (limited to 4)
  • New York (limited to 5)
  • North Carolina (limited to 6)
  • Ohio (limited to 3)
  • Pennsylvania (limited to 5)
  • Virginia (limited to 5)

What are your thoughts? Let me know at zach@teslarati.com, find me on X at @zacharyvisconti, or send us tips at tips@teslarati.com.

Tesla loses direct sales lawsuit that aimed to fight stressful carbuying

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Zach is a renewable energy reporter who has been covering electric vehicles since 2020. He grew up in Fremont, California, and he currently lives in Colorado. His work has appeared in the Chicago Tribune, KRON4 San Francisco, FOX31 Denver, InsideEVs, CleanTechnica, and many other publications. When he isn't covering Tesla or other EV companies, you can find him writing and performing music, drinking a good cup of coffee, or hanging out with his cats, Banks and Freddie. Reach out at zach@teslarati.com, find him on X at @zacharyvisconti, or send us tips at tips@teslarati.com.

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Swedish unions consider police report over Tesla Megapack Supercharger

The Tesla Megapack Supercharger opened shortly before Christmas in Arlandastad, outside Stockholm.

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Credit: Tesla Charging/X

Swedish labor unions are considering whether to file a police report related to a newly opened Tesla Megapack Supercharger near Stockholm, citing questions about how electricity is supplied to the site. The matter has also been referred to Sweden’s energy regulator.

Tesla Megapack Supercharger

The Tesla Megapack Supercharger opened shortly before Christmas in Arlandastad, outside Stockholm. Unlike traditional charging stations, the site is powered by an on-site Megapack battery rather than a direct grid connection. Typical grid connections for Tesla charging sites in Sweden have seen challenges for nearly two years due to union blockades.

Swedish labor union IF Metall has submitted a report to the Energy Market Inspectorate, asking the authority to assess whether electricity supplied to the battery system meets regulatory requirements, as noted in a report from Dagens Arbete (DA). The Tesla Megapack on the site is charged using electricity supplied by a local company, though the specific provider has not been publicly identified.

Peter Lydell, an ombudsman at IF Metall, issued a comment about the Tesla Megapack Supercharger. “The legislation states that only companies that engage in electricity trading may supply electricity to other parties. You may not supply electricity without a permit, then you are engaging in illegal electricity trading. That is why we have reported this… This is about a company that helps Tesla circumvent the conflict measures that exist. It is clear that it is troublesome and it can also have consequences,” Lydell said.

Police report under consideration

The Swedish Electricians’ Association has also examined the Tesla Megapack Supercharger and documented its power setup. As per materials submitted to the Energy Market Inspectorate, electrical cables were reportedly routed from a property located approximately 500 meters from the charging site.

Tomas Jansson, ombudsman and deputy head of negotiations at the Swedish Electricians’ Association, stated that the union was assessing whether to file a police report related to the Tesla Megapack Supercharger. He also confirmed that the electricians’ union was coordinating with IF Metall about the matter. “We have a close collaboration with IF Metall, and we are currently investigating this. We support IF Metall in their fight for fair conditions at Tesla,” Jansson said.

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Tesla HW4.5 spotted in new Model Y, triggers speculation

Owners taking delivery of recent Model Y builds have identified components labeled “AP45.”

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Credit: Tesla

Tesla’s Hardware 4.5 computer appears to have surfaced in newly delivered Model Y vehicles, prompting fresh speculation about an interim upgrade ahead of the company’s upcoming AI5 chip.

Owners taking delivery of recent Model Y builds have identified components labeled “AP45,” suggesting Tesla may have quietly started rolling out revised autonomy hardware.

Hardware 4.5 appears in new Model Y units

The potential Hardware 4.5 sighting was first reported by Model Y owner @Eric5un, who shared details of a Fremont-built 2026 Model Y AWD Premium delivered this January. As per the Model Y owner, the vehicle includes a new front camera housing and a 16-inch center display, along with an Autopilot computer labeled “AP45” and part number 2261336-02-A.

The Tesla owner later explained that he confirmed the part number by briefly pulling down the upper carpet liner below the Model Y’s glovebox. Other owners soon reported similar findings. One Model Y Performance owner noted that their December build also appeared to include Hardware 4.5, while another owner of an Austin-built Model Y Performance reported spotting the same “AP45” hardware.

These sightings suggest that Tesla may already be installing revised FSD computers in its new Model Y batches, despite the company not yet making any formal announcements about Hardware 4.5.

What Hardware 4.5 could represent

Clues about Hardware 4.5 have surfaced previously in Tesla’s Electronic Parts Catalog. As reported by NotATeslaApp, the catalog has listed a component described as “CAR COMPUTER – LEFT HAND DRIVE – PROVISIONED – HARDWARE 4.5.” The component, which features the part number 2261336-S2-A, is priced at $2,300.00.

Longtime Tesla hacker @greentheonly has noted that Tesla software has contained references to a possible three-SoC architecture for some time. Previous generations of Tesla’s FSD computer, including Hardware 3 and Hardware 4, use a dual-SoC design for redundancy. A three-SoC layout could allow for higher inference throughput and improved fault tolerance.

Such an architecture could also serve as a bridge to AI5, Tesla’s next-generation autonomy chip expected to enter production later in 2026. As Tesla’s neural networks grow larger and more computationally demanding, Hardware 4.5 may provide additional headroom for vehicles built before AI5 becomes widely available.

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Elon Musk’s Grokipedia is getting cited by OpenAI’s ChatGPT

Some responses generated by OpenAI’s ChatGPT have recently referenced information from Grokipedia.

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UK Government, CC BY 2.0 , via Wikimedia Commons

Some responses generated by OpenAI’s ChatGPT have recently referenced information from Grokipedia, an AI-generated encyclopedia developed by rival xAI, which was founded by Elon Musk. The citations appeared across a limited set of queries.

Reports about the matter were initially reported by The Guardian

Grokipedia references in ChatGPT

Grokipedia launched in October as part of xAI’s effort to build an alternative to Wikipedia, which has become less centrist over the years. Unlike Wikipedia, which is moderated and edited by humans, Grokipedia is purely AI-powered, allowing it to approach topics with as little bias as possible, at least in theory. This model has also allowed Grokipedia to grow its article base quickly, with recent reports indicating that it has created over 6 million articles, more than 80% of English Wikipedia. 

The Guardian reported that ChatGPT cited Grokipedia nine times across responses to more than a dozen user questions during its tests. As per the publication, the Grokipedia citations did not appear when ChatGPT was asked about high-profile or widely documented topics. Instead, Grokipedia was referenced in responses to more obscure historical or biographical claims. The pattern suggested selective use rather than broad reliance on the source, at least for now.

Broader Grokipedia use

The Guardian also noted that Grokipedia citations were not exclusive to ChatGPT. Anthropic’s AI assistant Claude reportedly showed similar references to Grokipedia in some responses, highlighting a broader issue around how large language models identify and weigh publicly available information.

In a statement to The Guardian, an OpenAI spokesperson stated that ChatGPT “aims to draw from a broad range of publicly available sources and viewpoints.” “We apply safety filters to reduce the risk of surfacing links associated with high-severity harms, and ChatGPT clearly shows which sources informed a response through citations,” the spokesperson stated.

Anthropic, for its part, did not respond to a request for comment on the matter. As for xAI, the artificial intelligence startup simply responded with a short comment that stated, “Legacy media lies.”

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