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Investor's Corner

Tesla’s word of mouth strategy in focus: Why Elon Musk’s owner-based initiative works

(Credit: Tesla)

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Tesla’s (NASDAQ:TSLA) avoidance of traditional advertising initiatives is one of the most recognizable things about the company, yet it is one that has been questioned several times over the years by Wall Street analysts, investors and even avid fans. Yet, despite these questions, CEO Elon Musk’s answer has always been the same: Tesla does not do traditional advertising. Musk emphasized this point during the last earnings call too, stating that if Tesla would do some form of marketing, it would be strictly informational in nature.

“What we’re seeing is that word of mouth is more than enough to drive our demand in excess of production. We have no plans to advertise at this time. At some point in the future, we may do advertising not in the traditional sense but more to just inform people and make sure they are aware of the product, but not engage in the typical trickery that is commonplace in advertising,” Musk said.

In a conversation with Teslarati, investor and economist @Incentives101 explained that if one looks at Tesla’s word-of-mouth strategy from a mathematical perspective, it would seem that Elon Musk’s stern stance against traditional advertising may actually be well justified. Considering the manner that Tesla has been growing so far, the economist noted that “Elon is probably right. They don’t need advertisement and probably will never need it.” The following sections explains this point.

Tesla’s volunteer owners help out during the company’s end-of-quarter push in Q3 2018. [Credit: Sean M Mitchell/Twitter]

How Customers Learn About Tesla

There are generally three ways a new customer could learn about Tesla and its products: 1)Elon’s/Tesla goodwill, 2) customers’ own research, or 3) through an existing Tesla owner. Tesla relies heavily on current owners spreading the word and converting people they know into new electric car owners. Most people call this strategy the “Network Effect,” but the economist states that this is a misinterpretation.

“The Network Effect is technically applied to how a product increases its value from a network. The telephone is the most obvious example. One or two telephones in the world are useless, but the more there, are the more useful they become. In a way, you have to treat this like a disease. If you analyze (Tesla’s) strategy, you not only need information to flow. You need the information that changed hands to have an effect. In this case, the purchase of another Tesla. The most similar models to this strategy out there are how diseases spread,” the investor said.

These mathematical models try to predict how a disease will be spread considering different assumptions and variables. Among those variables are the number of susceptible individuals, of infected people and of recovered people, as well as the rate of contagion. For purposes of this illustration, information is equal to a virus and the main variables are the number of people that want to buy a car in that period of time within a target price range or TCO (susceptible individuals), the number of owners at the time (infected people), and the average number of people that an owner would convert in that period of time (contagion). This will be referred to in this article as the ‘T’ variable.

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A Tesla Model 3 driving at night. (Photo: Andres GE)

How Tesla spreads

The investor explains this further in the following statement. “The easiest way to understand this is the following. Imagine you’re looking at a decision tree. Each node is a new person with a Tesla in a period of time and how many nodes come out of that person is our ‘T.’ In each period of time that you’d want to measure, there are more assumptions that would need to be made. For example, an owner never ‘recovers’ so not only they ‘infect’ people but they will be contagious in perpetuity.

“Let’s analyze the spectrum of possible solutions. If T>=1, it would mean that information is flowing very efficiently and it will behave exponentially even if the time it takes for an owner to spread enough information to convert someone is relatively high. You need to consider that today, there are more than half a million owners. The faster the person transmits the ‘virus,’ the better,” he said.

There is no way to approximate these variables with the information available to us today. But recently, Tom Randall from Bloomberg released the findings of a study involving 5,000 Model 3 owners. According to the study’s results, 99% of Model 3 owners are pretty much satisfied with the vehicle, and they are willing to recommend the electric car to friends and family. A number of assumptions could be drawn from these results, as per the investor.

“If you consider what would be the worst scenario for Tesla, it would mean a very long time for contagion to spread, with the ‘T’ variable being very close to zero. But with the information provided in the Bloomberg report, there is a very high probability that ‘T’ is not close to zero at all. Instead, there’s a good chance that ‘T’ is probably very close to 1,” the economist said.

(Credit: Tesla)

Growing Without Traditional Advertising

These assumptions would mean that Tesla can continue to grow without engaging in traditional advertising. Looking at Tesla’s history, we can see that this strategy or combination of strategies have worked. But is there an optimal time to have an information campaign? “It seems that the sooner, the better” the investor explained. “If you look at how this strategy functions, theoretically, the best time to have an information campaign is when they’ll have the least amount of owners and when they’ll increase production dramatically. So in theory this means in the next few months as Tesla continues to hit its stride with Model 3 and begin producing the Model Y, high volume vehicle that Elon Musk expects will outsell the Model S, X, and Model 3 combined. This doesn’t mean they need one, it just means it could be the best time,” he added.

It wouldn’t be accurate to assume that this strategy or combination of strategies is what creates demand. Any company could choose to have either this strategy or spend millions of dollars in advertising and demand wouldn’t necessarily go up or down. “Consumers need information to make decisions — it’s a very important factor — but demand is a function of several factors, particularly consumer preferences. Under perfect information, there is zero doubt demand for Tesla’s will rise as we explained in this note,” the investor noted.

“Tesla’s word-of-mouth strategy helps spread information, but if this product didn’t have a fundamental effect in consumers, it wouldn’t really matter. I’m confident that if banks or media had someone looking at this problem from the consumer side, we would never see a note about alleged ‘demand problems’ again. Tesla has never had a demand problem and data shows that they won’t face one. But they might face an information gap, particularly with how media misinforms consumers,” the economist said.

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Disclosure: I have no ownership in shares of TSLA and have no plans to initiate any positions within 72 hours.

Simon is an experienced automotive reporter with a passion for electric cars and clean energy. Fascinated by the world envisioned by Elon Musk, he hopes to make it to Mars (at least as a tourist) someday. For stories or tips--or even to just say a simple hello--send a message to his email, simon@teslarati.com or his handle on X, @ResidentSponge.

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Investor's Corner

Tesla just got a weird price target boost from a notable bear

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Credit: Tesla Manufacturing

Tesla stock (NASDAQ: TSLA) just got a weird price target boost from a notable bear just a day after it announced its strongest quarter in terms of vehicle deliveries and energy deployments.

JPMorgan raised its price target on Tesla shares from $115 to $150. It maintained its ‘Underweight’ rating on the stock.

Despite Tesla reporting 497,099 deliveries, about 12 percent above the 443,000 anticipated from the consensus, JPMorgan is still skeptical that the company can keep up its momentum, stating most of its Q3 strength came from leaning on the removal of the $7,500 EV tax credit, which expired on September 30.

Tesla hits record vehicle deliveries and energy deployments in Q3 2025

The firm said Tesla benefited from a “temporary stronger-than-expected industry-wide pull-forward” as the tax credit expired. It is no secret that consumers flocked to the company this past quarter to take advantage of the credit.

The bump will need to be solidified as the start of a continuing trend of strong vehicle deliveries, the firm said in a note to investors. Analysts said that one quarter of strength was “too soon to declare Tesla as having sustainably returned to growth in its core business.”

JPMorgan does not anticipate Tesla having strong showings with vehicle deliveries after Q4.

There are two distinct things that stick out with this note: the first is the lack of recognition of other parts of Tesla’s business, and the confusion that surrounds future quarters.

JPMorgan did not identify Tesla’s strength in autonomy, energy storage, or robotics, with autonomy and robotics being the main focuses of the company’s future. Tesla’s Full Self-Driving and Robotaxi efforts are incredibly relevant and drive more impact moving forward than vehicle deliveries.

Additionally, the confusion surrounding future delivery numbers in quarters past Q3 is evident.

Will Tesla thrive without the EV tax credit? Five reasons why they might

Tesla will receive some assistance from deliveries of vehicles that will reach customers in Q4, but will still qualify for the credit under the IRS’s revised rules. It will also likely introduce an affordable model this quarter, which should have a drastic impact on deliveries depending on pricing.

Tesla shares are trading at $422.40 at 2:35 p.m. on the East Coast.

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Investor's Corner

Tesla Q3 deliveries expected to exceed 440k as Benchmark holds $475 target

Tesla stock ended the third quarter at $444.72 per share, giving the EV maker a market cap of $1.479 trillion at the end of Q3 2025. 

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(Credit: Tesla)

Benchmark has reiterated its “Buy” rating and $475 price target on Tesla stock (NASDAQ: TSLA) as the company prepares to report its third-quarter vehicle deliveries in the coming days. 

Tesla stock ended the third quarter at $444.72 per share, giving the EV maker a market cap of $1.479 trillion at the end of Q3 2025. 

Benchmark’s estimates

Benchmark analyst Mickey Legg noted that he expects Tesla’s deliveries to hit around 442,000 vehicles this Q3, which is under the 448,000-unit consensus but still well above the 384,000 vehicles that the company reported in Q2 2025. According to the analyst, some optimistic estimates for Tesla’s Q3 deliveries are as high as mid-460,000s.

“Tesla is expected to report 3Q25 global production and deliveries on Thursday. We model 442,000 deliveries versus ~448,000 for FactSet consensus with some high-side calls in the mid-460,000s. A solid sequential uptick off 2Q25’s ~384,000, a measured setup into year-end given a choppy incentive/pricing backdrop,” the analyst wrote.

Benchmark is not the only firm that holds an optimistic outlook on Tesla’s Q3 results. Deutsche Bank raised its own delivery forecast to 461,500, while Piper Sandler lifted its price target to $500 following a visit to China to assess market conditions. Cantor Fitzgerald also reiterated an “Overweight” rating and $355 price target for TSLA stock.

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Stock momentum meets competitive headwinds

Tesla’s anticipated Q3 results are boosted in part by the impending expiration of the federal EV tax credit in the United States, which analysts believe has encouraged buyers to finalize vehicle purchases sooner, as noted in an Investing.com report.

Tesla shares have surged nearly 30% in September, raising expectations for a strong delivery report. Benchmark warned, however, that some volatility may emerge in the coming quarter.

“With the stock up sharply into the print (roughly ~28-32% in September), its positioning raises the bar for an upside surprise to translate into further near-term strength; we also see risk of volatility if regional mix or ASPs underwhelm. We continue to anticipate policy-driven choppiness after 3Q as certain EV incentives/credits tighten or roll off in select markets, potentially creating 4Q demand air pockets and order-book lumpiness,” the analyst wrote.

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Elon Musk slams ING Deutschland for denying TSLA shareholders ability to vote

Musk posted his criticism of the firm in a post on social media platform X. 

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MINISTÉRIO DAS COMUNICAÇÕES, CC BY 2.0 , via Wikimedia Commons

Elon Musk has slammed ING Deutschland after the bank confirmed that it was not offering a way for clients to vote in the upcoming 2025 Tesla Annual Shareholders Meeting.

Musk posted his criticism of the firm in a post on social media platform X. 

Musk’s criticism

Musk’s criticism of ING Deutschland came as a response to the bank’s comment to a Tesla shareholder. The shareholder, Maximilian Auer, noted that he has not received a response from the German bank’s customer support on how he could vote with his TSLA shares. In response to the Auer’s comment, ING Deutschland confirmed that it does not offer such a service.

“We do not offer the proxy voting process or the transmission of a control number. There is no legal obligation to do so for general meetings under foreign law,” ING Deutschland wrote in its post.

The firm’s reply received a lot of criticism from users on X, with many stating that such comments could drive clients away. Elon Musk later weighed in with some strong words of his own, stating that the bank is effectively denying shareholders the ability to vote. “Denying shareholders the ability to vote, as you are doing, certainly should be a crime,” Musk wrote in a post on X.

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Tesla’s annual meeting

Tesla’s upcoming annual meeting this year is particularly important as shareholders are voting on the approval of Elon Musk’s new CEO performance award. The pay package, which could pave the way for Musk to become a trillionaire, is also designed to increase his stake in the electric vehicle maker to 25%. This, Musk stated, should prevent activist shareholder advisory firms to disrupt the company.

Tesla highlighted the importance of this year’s annual meeting in a post on X. 

“We pay for outstanding performance – not for promises. In 2018, shareholders approved a groundbreaking CEO Performance Award that delivered extraordinary value. At our Annual Meeting on November 6, Tesla shareholders can vote on a pay-for-performance plan designed to drive our next era of transformational growth and value creation. Seven years ago, Elon Musk had to deliver billions to shareholders – now it’s trillions.

“This plan creates a path for Elon to secure voting rights and will retain him as a leader of the company for many years to come. But as explained below, Elon only receives voting rights after he has delivered economic value to you. Your vote matters. Vote ‘FOR’ Proposal 4!” Tesla wrote in its post on X. 

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