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Tesla Autopilot’s 4D upgrade could lead to more FSD features
Tesla CEO Elon Musk stated that the company’s Autopilot systems are being upgraded to 4D, which will improve the performance and capabilities of the semi-autonomous driving function. Currently, Autopilot is operating with “~2.5D,” Musk said.
The developments came from a question that was asked by a Twitter follower of Musk’s who has issues using Tesla’s Summon feature on his driveway. Summon allows owners to retrieve their vehicles by using their Smartphones. By holding the “COME TO ME” button within the Tesla app, the car will use GPS vectoring to travel to the location of the phone.
Summon is a part of Tesla’s Full Self-Driving suite. But, the rework of Autopilot’s dimensional upgrade is apart of something much bigger. Perhaps it deals with a complete rewrite of Autopilot that will extend the company’s FSD features.
We need to finish upgrading Autopilot to 4D vs ~2.5D, then it will go up very steep slopes
— Elon Musk (@elonmusk) July 22, 2020
However, the owner stated that the grade of his driveway is slightly steeper than 10%, which inhibits the vehicle from traveling up roads that have inclines. The steepness of the slope, along with normal transitions from a street to a driveway, can present issues for Tesla’s Autopilot. This could be due to the lack of information that Tesla’s Neural Network has for navigating these environments.
With that being said, Tesla is developing a 4-dimensional system for Autopilot. The development of new elements for Autopilot to comprehend the surroundings and road environment of the vehicle could lead to more drastic improvements and an increasingly accurate comprehension of the roads a vehicle travels on.
Tesla’s currently Autopilot suite uses ~2.5D, Musk said. Now, it uses two-dimensional images along with labels, which could account for the around 2.5 dimensions that Musk spoke of in the tweet.
Adding dimensions to the Autopilot system will simply increase the accuracy of how the car reacts in certain situations. Currently, Tesla uses images from Autopilot cameras that are labeled with information. Tesla could use 3-dimensional stereoscopic scenes that are reconstructed from video, along with timestamps to improve accuracy.
A few members of the Tesla community put their two cents in on what the 4-dimensional Autopilot system could entail.
Reddit user u/__TSLA__ stated that curating a massive series of traffic scenarios and objects that a car might encounter during a drive could improve the accuracy of Autopilot and Tesla’s self-driving capabilities.
However, another Reddit user, u/Semmel_Baecker, said that 4D could mean that the Autopilot cameras could build a real-time 3D environment and then predict the movements of labeled objects in 4D based on past behaviors of other vehicles. This strategy would effectively use the Neural Network to learn the reactions of other drivers or objects.
Tesla continues to develop Autopilot behaviors to eventually release a “feature complete” Full Self-Driving suite in the future. The electric automaker continues to release patents that aim to build a more accurate Autopilot system that will accelerate the company’s journey toward Level 5 Autonomy, which Musk says is coming soon.
Most recently, Tesla submitted a patent titled, “Enhanced Object Detection for Autonomous Vehicles Based on Field View,” that would crop important objects in images and increase the resolution of those images. If pedestrians, vehicles, or other objects are available in an image, they would be available at an increased resolution to improve the accuracy of Autopilot.
Tesla’s exact plans for an Autopilot upgrade to 4-dimensional imagery is unknown. The increased accuracy is necessary for the company’s cars to drive in any environment. Tesla will soon release FSD’s “Driving on City Streets” function, which will complete the suite.
Tesla CEO Elon Musk posted a photo of himself standing with the Optimus production team inside Tesla’s Fremont factory, arms crossed amid workers in hard hats and safety vests. The image captures a pivotal industrial shift: the same facility space once dedicated to building Tesla’s flagship Model S sedan and Model X SUV is now home to the company’s humanoid robot manufacturing line.
Walking the Optimus production line in Fremont pic.twitter.com/ABS0tuRibW
— Elon Musk (@elonmusk) July 1, 2026
Tesla’s Fremont Factory, acquired in 2010 from the former NUMMI joint venture between Toyota and GM, has been the company’s original U.S. manufacturing hub since Model S production began in 2012.
The Model X followed soon thereafter. These premium vehicles offered lower annual volumes, recently around 30,000 combined, compared to the high-volume Model 3 and Model Y lines that continue around the site. Over their combined run, the S and X accounted for roughly 610,000 units.
In late January 2026, during Tesla’s Q4 2025 earnings call, Elon Musk announced the end of Model S and Model X production in Q2 2026. The final vehicles rolled off the line in early May. Rather than retooling for another vehicle, Tesla chose to convert the dedicated S/X assembly area into a dedicated Optimus Gen 3 production line.
Model 3 and Y manufacturing remains unaffected. Tesla’s official Fremont Factory page now lists Optimus alongside the 3 and Y as core products.
The conversion was executed with remarkable speed. After production stopped, crews dismantled the existing vehicle line and installed entirely new modular equipment—including lines sourced from Germany and dozens of sub-lines for actuators, batteries, and other components—in roughly four months.
Musk described the timeline as “insanely fast,” noting it would be unprecedented for any other manufacturer. Initial Optimus output is expected to ramp slowly due to the robot’s roughly 10,000 unique parts and the brand-new production processes involved. The Fremont line targets an eventual capacity of 1 million Optimus units per year.
Tesla isn’t joking about building Optimus at an industrial scale: Here we go
Optimus Development Timeline
- August 19, 2021: Optimus (then called Tesla Bot) formally announced at Tesla’s first AI Day. A concept video showed a person in a suit demonstrating the vision for a general-purpose humanoid capable of dangerous, repetitive, or boring tasks using the same AI architecture as Full Self-Driving.
- 2022: Early prototypes displayed. At the second AI Day in September, semi-functional units demonstrated walking across a stage and basic arm movements
- 2023: September videos showed improved capabilities, including sorting colored blocks, precise limb awareness, and holding a Yoda pose.
- 2024-early 2025: Factory integration videos showed Optimus navigating workspaces and handling objects like battery cells.
- January 2026: Gen 3 mass-production activities began at Fremont, with reports of over 1,000 Gen 3 units already operating inside the factory for real-world learning and AI training
- April 2026: Musk confirms Optimus production on converted Fremont line would begin in late July or August 2026. The Gen 3 reveal, originally eyed for Q1, was pushed closer to production start. A second, much larger Optimus factory at Giga Texas is under construction, with volume production targeted for Summer 2027 and long-term capacity of 10 million units annually
- July 1, 2026: Musk’s on-site visit and team photo confirm the Optimus line is operational and the transition is actively progressing
Tesla positions Optimus as potentially its largest project ever, leveraging vertical integration, AI expertise, and car-like manufacturing know-how to scale humanoid robots first for its own factories and later for broader industrial and consumer use.
The Fremont conversion serves as a critical proving ground for this ambitious new chapter in Tesla’s already-rich history.
Investor's Corner
Tesla gets its latest short from Michael Burry: ‘Happy it jumped back to this level’
Tesla short seller Michael Burry, the subject of the film “The Big Short,” where he was portrayed by Steve Carell, has revealed he has opened a new bet against the stock.
In a new update to his Substack newsletter in a post titled “Trading Post June 30, 2026,” Burry revealed a new set of bets against Tesla, Caterpillar, NVIDIA, Applied Materials Inc., and the iShares Semiconductor ETF.
In regard to Tesla, Burry wrote:
“And finally I shorted Tesla at 416.22. Happy it jumped back to this level.”
This means Burry likely opened his new short position after the company’s recent rally on Wall Street, which saw Tesla shares sink in mid-May, only to recover to well over the $400 mark. Currently, shares trade at around $427.
The company saw a big Tuesday as shares climbed considerably, over 10 percent. The size of the Tesla short was not provided, nor did Burry give any information on the position’s structure, the number of shares, dollar value, or whether options were used in the short.
The Tesla and SpaceX merger everyone is talking about is quietly building
Over the years, Burry has been one of the more vocal critics of Tesla, calling its share price “media inflated,” and saying it was “ridiculously overvalued” as recently as December.
The company has largely transitioned away from being known as an automotive company and instead is much more widely regarded as an AI play, mostly due to its Full Self-Driving efforts, Optimus robot development, and data collection related to both.
This has not pulled those skeptics away from being vocal about their distaste for how Tesla is valued, but there’s no denying that the company is a global force in many things, including sustainable energy, automotive, and AI.
Wedbush Securities is initiating stock coverage on SpaceX (NASDAQ: SPCX), marking the first comments on the company since it went public several weeks ago. Wedbush and its analyst handling coverage, Dan Ives, are widely bullish on fellow Musk company Tesla (NASDAQ: TSLA).
Ives wrote his first note initiating coverage of SpaceX shares on Wednesday with a $190 price target and an ‘Outperform’ rating. The firm believes the company is well positioned off of its IPO because of its wide array of projects, including AI compute power and infrastructure, connectivity projects, and launches.
“We view SpaceX as one of the most differentiated assets within the tech market with a strong footprint across its three core markets, with Starlink driving success with connectivity,” Ives wrote, “Starship launches leading to a demand flywheel and increasing deal flow for its Colossus clusters.”
Elon Musk called it Epic: The full story of SpaceX’s Starship Flight 12
Wedbush leans heavily on Starlink, which they say is the “profitability driver given the strength of its recurring revenue base of ~12 million subscribers as of June 5th.” Ives believes Starlink is still in the “early innings” of penetrating the global telecommunications and broadband market, as it only holds less than a 1 percent share. However, this number is sure to increase over time.
It also highlights the importance of Starship, which it says is an “essential layer” of SpaceX’s overall success. SpaceX developing and displaying the ability to reuse rockets is a major cost and reliability advantage “as it reduces the necessary hardware launch costs while generating a feedback loop for future flights to improve their launch flight rate without accelerating capex spend.”
Finally, SpaceX’s recent AI/Compute projects are also very elementary, Ives writes. It is worth mentioning Wedbush said its $190 price target is derived from a valuation forecast that sees the company yielding roughly $2.48 trillion of implied enterprise value.
There are also some factors that Wedbush did not take into account with its initial coverage. The firm wrote in the note:
“We note that there is optional value coming from Starship’s accelerating scale towards sub-$200/kg unit economics, orbital data centers, and enterprise AI monetization as these factors could drive meaningful upside but these face major hurdles, so we do not take that into account with our valuation.”
SpaceX shares are down just over 2 percent today, trading at around $167 at the time of publication.
Tesla Optimus project fires up as Musk sees production line progress
Tesla gets its latest short from Michael Burry: ‘Happy it jumped back to this level’
